USE OF SUPPLEMENTARY ELEMENTS IN SOLVING TASKS OF GEOMETRY TEXTBOOK

Abstract

Educational texts, the system of exercises and the methodical apparatus of the textbook on geometry are recommended to focus on the development of general skills to solve tasks, in particular the ability to use supplementary elements — parameters (length of a segment, size of angle, area, volume) or geometric figures (triangle, equal and similar triangles, circle). The essence of the supplementary elements and their application are revealed. It is proposed to allocate lines of tasks, not only according to their typology, but also by types of supplementary elements. The tasks of each line are solved in similar ways, and the tasks of all lines have common approaches to the solution. Teaching to solve tasks involves the formation of methods for solving the tasks of the allocated lines and refinement and generalization of these methods in process of studying of program material. The learning efficiency is ensured by systematization of a large number of tasks and their division into content units according to the complexity levels (the specifics of the inclusion of supporting data) and the methods of solution. The stages of learning are proposed to apply supplementary geometric figures and parameters, as follows: solving typical tasks, where all operations of the mode of operation are used; allocation of the way of activity; securing the operation of the way of activity by separate exercises; clarifying the way of activity in process of studying the material. The expediency of forming methods for solving tasks with an orientation on types of supplementary elements is substantiated. The corresponding examples of tasks and methods of their solution are given.