DEVELOPMENT OF TEXTBOOKS ANALYTICAL TOOLS IN THE HOMELAND RESEARCH AREA OF MODERN ERA

Abstract

In the article, the issues on the development of the national analytical tools of textbooks on the verge of XIX–XX centuries are covered. This process is considered in the context of the contradictions associated with the controversies between the conservative traditional methods which dominated learning and teaching material in the end of the XIX century and the changes in the social order on the levels of training the graduates. The focus of the study is the formation of the methodological principles of a modern textbook. The contribution of homeland scientists in the development of the theory of creating a textbook and the teachers involved in piloting the methodological achievements of a contemporary thought is demonstrated. It was proved that the development of textbooks ensured the implementation of the differentiated approaches to teaching students. In the studied period, the dominant form of differentiation in creating textbooks became more external (the students’ age group, the types of schools, their orientation, etc. were taken into account). At the same time, in the modern period, in the textbooks, the internal differentiation which was focused on the organization of educational work with the students of different training levels originated. It was found that at the beginning of the twentieth century, in the textbooks methodological apparatus,the authors paid more attention to the logical elaboration of the training material, the formation of the students’ knowledge system which was not only based on memorization, but also on understanding and independent use of the previously learned information.