System of competence-­oriented tasks of applied content in physics school textbooks

Abstract

The article reveals the essence of the competency nature of the task of learning technology. Didactic features of the application of the appropriate system of tasks of applied content in school textbooks of physics is determined. The use of such tasks strengthens the applied orientation of school physical education, the activity component of the modern textbook is established. In the process of solving them, physical phenomena and processes develop the ability to analyze, knowledge expands and deepens, acquaintance with new advances in science and technology is carried out, diligence, curiosity, independence are formed, and so on. By solving physical problems of applied content, students acquire the knowledge necessary for successful study in high school and lyceum, in-depth pre-vocational training, continuing education in higher education institutions of physical and mathematical, natural and technological profiles.
Successful problem-­solving requires both specific and generalized knowledge, skills and abilities. The basis of generalized knowledge are fundamental concepts of methodological nature, among which are physical “phenomenon”, “law”, “system”, “model”, “magnitude”, “interaction”, “ideal objects and processes”, “state of the physical system”, etc. The concept of “physical phenomenon” plays a leading role in the system of knowledge. Solving various types of problems of applied content helps to ensure strong and conscious mastery of students’ system of scientific knowledge, practical skills and abilities, understanding of how scientific theories, laws, patterns are applied in practice, affect the development of technology and economy, increase production efficiency. skilled workers.
It is the textbook of the new generation, the content and methodological apparatus of which is created on the basis of competence, personality-­oriented and activity approaches, that should become an important means of forming students’ competencies. Peculiarities of mastering basic knowledge, acquiring practical skills, cross-­cutting skills and attitudes in the educational environment of general secondary education institutions are described in the article.