TENDENCIES OF IMPROVEMENT OF STRUCTURE OF TEXTBOOKS ON PHYSICS FOR GYMNASIA AND LYCEUMS

Abstract

The problem of a textbook creation has always been a concern for educators, researchers, publishers and government officials and the public, as a textbook was and remains the traditional means of study. And naturally, all the changes that are taking place in the educational sphere are being reflected in the process of a textbook creation and bring us to a revision of the traditional approaches to the structure of a textbook. These changes have not bypassed the process of creating textbooks on physics. It is possible to conditionally distinguish three stages in the historiography of the Ukrainian textbook on physics of independent Ukraine,: 1990–2000 — transitional stage; 2004–2011 — the development of textbooks according to the first state standard of education; from 2015
to the present time-the development of textbooks according to the second state standard of education. An analysis of the trends in the development of a textbook creation makes it possible to state that the Ukrainian textbook on physics has changed significantly, namely, from the translated it became original; from a single stable to variable; from black to full color. The emergence in the textbook of new elements is due to the fact that being an unconditional carrier of the content of the subject and reflection of the peculiarities of worldview, standards and stereotypes of the corresponding era, the textbook becomes a definite indicator of socio-cultural, scientific, technical and information development of society. The peculiarities of each stage are due to technological and social changes that are transformed into a system of education, as well as internally systemic changes caused by the development of education itself. In the course of the research, manifestations of the inertia of the educational process, the unwillingness of teachers to perceive and implement innovations were revealed. Comprehensive consideration of the phenomenon of the process of textbooks creating in the context of the historical development of its theory and practice with the links to the present and future requires a systematic approach regarding studying of this phenomenon.