FORMATION OF THURSDAY SKILLS OF THIRD GRADES WITH THE HELP OF THE METHODICAL APPARATUS OF THE TEXTBOOK

Abstract

The article considers the principle of individualization of education, which is based on taking into account the inclinations and abilities of the child, the pace of its work and the degree of success. The influence of psychological research on structural and semantic changes in the educational and methodical apparatus of the textbook is analyzed. The transformation of the established principles of textbook creation from the beginning of the 90s to modern transformations is traced. The results of our dissertation research of formation of reading skills at pupils' of initial classes in 90th years of XX century are resulted. Emphasis is placed on the importance of the process of formation of new types of institutions in Ukraine, which were preparing education reform in an advanced mode, were experimental sites where new content and learning technologies were tested. The article analyzes the soft (cross-cutting) skills identified in the framework of key competencies, which schoolchildren must master throughout school. The requirements of the standard of primary education for 3-4 grades are analyzed. The analysis of the ratio of reproductive productive and creative tasks in the textbooks of the 90s and in the new textbooks is carried out. The analysis of textbooks for the third grade and the results of theoretical analysis of the literature showed that from the presented list of soft skills the following are actively formed in grades 3-4: reading comprehension; ability to express one's own opinion orally and in writing; art; ability to constructively manage emotions; solve problems, cooperate with other people. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the formation of soft skills of third-graders by means of the methodical apparatus of the textbook is performed. It is concluded that the textbook in modern conditions becomes a special multifunctional guidebook, counselor, intellectual self-teacher, which can partially solve problems in conditions of temporary isolation (blended learning) in society. It is emphasized that it is important to create electronic support for textbooks (especially for primary school). Important for the future are the problems: ensuring the individualization of learning in a distance (mixed) form; studying the problem of solving the deficit of live communication of pupils'; diagnosis of pupils' anxiety level; study of the interaction of teachers, parents and pupils'.