THE INFLUENCE OF STAGE OF ABSTRACTION OF THE TEXTBOOK ON THE DEVELOPING OF PUPILS’ INTELLIGENCE

Abstract

The article shows infl uence of stage of abstraction of the textbook on developments of intelligence of pupils, interrelation of high degree of abstraction with the education which is based on application of general regularities of nature as the principles of integration and explanation of elements from primary school. The experience of their embodiment in the educational model «Dovkillya» is also described in the paper. The essence of scientifi c knowledge consists in transition from the description of special cases to defi nition of the general regularities and opportunity to do estimates and forecasts on the basis of these regularities. There are four degrees of the absraction: phenomenological, analytical and synthetic, predictive and axiomatic. These terms help to describe both character of presentation of educational material in the textbook and the pupils’ intelligence acquired in the process of perceiving of the educational material. The phenomenological abstraction at presentation of the educational content leads to formation of empirical, or prescriptional intelligence which possesses an ability to work only within a certain scheme. The higher is abstraction degree of presentation of the knowledge, the higher becomes the intelligence. Meanwhile experience of countries of European camp shows that it can be avoided by introduction of branch studying of natural sciences. Such studying, offered in the educational model «Dovkillya», forms not only knowledge of private laws of a certain science, but also understanding of the general regularities of the nature. Such educational model helps to prevent formation of the self-interested, user relation to environment.